Stress Hormones: How to combat belly fat, bloating and blemishes

In over 10 years of teaching, I've been asked the same few questions repeatedly. Two of the most common are:

• How do I fix blemishes/acne/dry skin?
• How do I target excess belly weight?

Now, as we all should know, I don't buy into body hate and shaming and guilt. Women naturally have curves and a tendency to hold weight around the belly and hips because women are designed to create, house and nourish new human life within their bodies. That's pretty amazing. Whether you choose to have children or not, your body is engineered for it.

That said, there's a fine balance to find between functional and healthy amount of particular hormones and the sort of irregularity and imbalance that will lead to a cycle of nasty symptoms that indicate hormonal problems and that lead to MORE hormonal imbalances if not addressed through lifestyle.

The culprit - in all my discussions with medical and natural health practitioners, and in my personal experience - is the stress hormone, cortisol. An excess of cortisol leads to inflammation within the body, creating dramas with digestion, sleep, mood, acne and blemishes, insatiable appetite, cravings, bloating and weight gain particularly around the belly and hips.

Cortisol is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands (in the kidney area). It isn't all bad! Cortisol is produced to enable the body to handle and respond to danger. It is also heightened during exercise or at the beginning of the day to put the body into a more alert state.

Too much cortisol results in a number of symptoms, including weight gain around the face and abdomen, thin and easily broken skin, acne, bones more vulnerable to fracture and breaking, depressed mood, increased facial hair and irregular periods.

Some medications can mimic cortisol, including some asthma medication and topical steroid creams or steroidal drugs.

What can you do to prevent excessive cortisol and a crappy mood, bloated belly and tired, dull skin? Here's some simple steps. Take one at a time, or all at once:

• Stop the extra long workouts. No wonder your body believes your under pressure and in need of hormones to cope with stress if you're forcing yourself through training regimes that run over 90 minutes
• Cut the coffee. Sure, addictive, sure. But if you want to sleep and look 10 years younger, stop.
• Eat wholefoods. Organic wherever possible, but maintain a diet where at least 80% of your food is a plant that you can recognise as exactly the same as it was on the tree or in the earth (powdered beetroot doesn't count)
• Take high-quality supplements if your diet is restricted at all (vegan protein, omega 3 supplements, vitamin D if you don't get much sun, multivitamins)
• Did I mention Omega 3 supplements?
• Eat a high fibre diet to maintain good gut health
• Take adaptogenic herbs: licorice root tea or medicinal mushrooms are easy to find at health food stores or online
• Take 5 minutes every morning and/or evening to sit quietly, eyes closed and breathe fully into the belly then slowly out again. Set a phone timer if you need.
• Get away from screens. Put the phone down.
• Go to yoga - any type.
• Do pilates
• Dance
• Laugh
• Omega 3 supplements (seriously, though)

Image from Wholefood Merchants, Melbourne

Fit Fuel Home Delivery : Thr1ve meals

This isn't the first time I've explored meal delivery services to support and encourage eating portion controlled and nutritionally balanced meals.
Why would a trainer and instructor, with thorough knowledge of how to buy, prepare and plan healthy, delicious meals opt to have them delivered to me? For several reasons.
Despite having enough recipe books to build a small community library, and also having the time to prepare meals, I often find that I fall into routines of eating the same meals, day after day after day. It's boring.
It can also be easy to opt for making the same, boring meals I know when I don't have the incentive of preparing meals for anyone other than myself!

Here is where Thr1ve has come to my rescue. I first saw the promotions for Thr1ve at the fitness centre I work at. Curious and dreading the inevitable dinner that would be exactly the same dinner I ate lastnight and the night before, I looked up the website. The founder of Thr1ve is the entrepreneurial fitness and fashion industry veteran, Josh Spark. This is a man who knows how to move, live and eat fit. Goal. I also looked through the menu and thought, I WANT to eat that, and that...and definitely that. Goal two. It could all be delivered to my door without fuss. Triple goals. Sold!

Now, there are various plans to opt for but here is the approach I took. I have ordered a 7-day week of meals along with probiotic water to support digestion. My prime goals are:
balanced macronutrients with wholefoods, plants and lean protein as the prime ingredients!

• flavour rich, simple meals that I can be inspired to recreate in my own kitchen on an ongoing basis
• well proportioned meals - tiny frozen blocks that are masquerading as lunch and dinner are a no go. I won't be sitting around watching netflix all day so I need food that fuels my active life
• FRESH, non-frozen meals ready to eat (Thr1ve is one of the rare meal delivery services that delivers food freshly made, non-frozen so that if you don't get through it in the 7 days from delivery, you can choose to freeze it yourself)

My Thr1ve options are also intended to maintain my weight but for anyone who has a tendency to eat high-carb, multi-servings or excessive portions or desserts, you'll lose weight on these meals (if you're not eating extra meals between the planned meals!).

The Thr1ve meals are paleo and ketogenic friendly.

What's a ketogenic diet? High in protein and fats, low in carbohydrates and gluten free.

As you all well know, I do not advocate for strict diets of any nature. While I see the health benefits of kickstarting a healthy approach to meal planning and nutritious eating with a low-sugar, minimally processed food approach, it is not ideal to maintain a high-protein, low carbohydrate diet in the long term. While some fitness and bodybuilding fanatics will swear black and blue the ketogenic diet is the ultimate way to eat, the high protein and fat content is violently unhealthy on the liver and kidneys and the extreme lack of complex carbohydrates (brown rice, wholewheat bread or pasta, fruits) can cause fatigue, lethargy, poor function of the nervous and hormonal system.

Fortunately, Thr1ve meals are well balanced to include smart, wholefood carbohydrates with thorough nutritional density (brown rice, quinoa, root vegetables, potato) and even the classic Atkins' diet advocated eating sweet potato, moderate servings of fruit and complex carbs after the initial week or so of high protein meals. The meals I've opted for, and the meals generally, are moderate carbohydrates, lean and moderate protein and low-fat. As a healthy-fats advocate (they promote vitamin absorption, hormonal balance and appetite fulfilment!) I have been adding sweet potato and raw cashews and almonds to my meals but you must read your own appetite and decide what you want to add. Unless you're trying to shed weight, you'll want to be adding smart snacks between meals as they are small serves.

Disclaimer: Of 14 meals (over a 7 day trial) FOUR meals went rancid by the fourth day and had to be thrown out. The "fresh greens" in two more also went bitter, flaccid and were inedible. I let Thr1Ve know and they made the excuse they were new to the meal delivery business and offered no remedy. Hopefully this issue is resolved but be warned.

Heal Your Gut with Supercharged Food

There has been much research into the mind-gut-hormones connection and the science is compelling and convincing. What, when and how you eat directly affects your hormones and your immune system. Constantly getting infections? Feeling lethargic? Rashes and allergic-type reactions?
There are so many ways that poor diet can manifest in your body. This doesn't just mean eating bags full of jelly snakes during the afternoon slump. This means restricting food groups, severe calorie restriction, binge eating, eating processed and packaged food as replacements for whole foods (vegetables, fruit, legumes, grains).

I am not perfect, just as you (probably) are not perfect. I don't allow myself to read the "latest celebrity diet tricks" in magazines. I don't subscribe to any particular dietary regimen, although I respect ELEMENTS of some! I am not paleo, or vegan, or pescatarian...
There are weeks I will not eat meat at all, or times when that's exactly what my body craves. One thing I can definitely say I'm guilty of is overdoing the caffeine. I know it is behind my poor sleep and ability to get anxious in a heartbeat! So I will aim to reduce my caffeine and heal my gut. What will you do in the aims of healing your gut?

I've got Lee Holmes' (Supercharged Food) Heal Your Gut for inspiration, information and recipes galore. It's not only super informative and well-researched, but gorgeous to look at. Definitely one for the kitchen AND the coffee table.

The book is designed to assist in restoring gut health with 90 anti-inflammatory recipes to heal and nourish. These include warming drinks with ingredients such as turmeric, chamomile and ginger, sustaining vegetable and meat broths & soups and deliciously delicate desserts like baked blueberry custard.
Heal Your Gut: Supercharged Food by Lee Holmes (Murdoch Books)

Just because I love your guts, I'm going to share some recipes with you. Enjoy.

CUMIN DIGESTIVE AID (JEERA VELLAM)

SERVES 4

Jeera is Hindi for ‘cumin’ and vellam in this context means ‘water’. Cumin is 

a powerful digestive aid and a detoxifier for the kidneys and bladder. Drink this shot after eating to improve digestion.

250 ml (9 fl oz/1 cup) filtered water

1 heaped teaspoon cumin seeds

2.5 cm (1 inch) piece of ginger, peeled and cut into thin sticks

Put all the ingredients in a small saucepan over medium heat and bring to the boil. Reduce the heat and simmer for 2 minutes.

Remove from the heat and set aside for 2 minutes before straining. Cool to room temperature and divide between four glasses to serve.

Garden-fresh Asparagus Soup

serves 4

I just love the healthy snap of a bright-green new-season asparagus stalk. Enjoy their uniquely grassy, sweet flavour and their healthy-bacteria-boosting proteins in this fresh and uplifting soup.

2 tablespoons butter

2 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil, plus extra to serve

2 spring onions (scallions), finely chopped, plus extra,
curled in cold water, to serve

¹/₂ teaspoon curry powder

¹/₄  teaspoon ground ginger

¹/₂ teaspoon ground turmeric

grated zest and juice of 1 lemon

2 medium turnips, peeled and diced

750 ml (26 fl oz/3 cups) vegetable stock (see page 151)

270 ml (9¹/₂ fl oz) tin additive-free coconut milk

175 g (6 oz/1 bunch) asparagus, cut into 1.5 cm (⁵/₈ inch) pieces

¹/₂ teaspoon Celtic sea salt

freshly cracked black pepper, to taste

Melt the butter with the oil in a large saucepan over medium heat. Add the spring onion and cook, stirring frequently, until soft. Add the curry powder, ginger, turmeric, lemon zest, juice and turnip and cook, stirring frequently,
for 5 minutes.

Add the stock, coconut milk and asparagus, and simmer, partially covered,
for 15 minutes or until the turnip is tender, then add the salt.

Remove from the heat and allow to cool slightly, then purée the mixture in batches in a food processor or blender until smooth. Reheat gently if necessary, then drizzle with olive oil, grind over black pepper and garnish
with curled spring onion.

Almond Milk Jelly Cup

makes 250 ml (9 fl oz/1 cup)

Gelatine is a good source of protein and contains eighteen protein-building amino acids. It’s a great ingredient to include in your gut-healing arsenal, as it seals the digestive tract to help boost nutrient absorption.

250 ml (9 fl oz/1 cup) almond milk (see page 123)

2 teaspoons powdered gelatine

¹/₄  teaspoon vanilla powder

¹/₂ teaspoon powdered stevia

Put half the almond milk and the gelatine in a small saucepan over low heat. Whisk briskly until the gelatine is dissolved. Remove from the heat and add the remaining almond milk along with the vanilla and stevia, and whisk to combine.

Pour into one or two glasses or jelly moulds and refrigerate until set. The jelly can be stored in an airtight container in the fridge for 1–2 weeks.

At Home in the Wholefood Kitchen

Whether you are vegetarian, vegan or just love a great vegetable-based dish to break up the meat-and-3-veg approach of usual...I totally recommend Amy Chaplin's At Home in the Whole Food Kitchen (Jacqui Small Books). The photography is amazing - you will want to make everything. Well, ok, you'll want someone to make it as long as you can eat it.
From sweet corn frittata (mouth-wateringly good) to salads that will not leave you feeling deprived or undernourished in the slightest. Plus, there's a guide to what to stock your pantry with to be prepared for adventuring into wholefood recipes full of flavour and nutrients. This isn't a fad diet. While some of the recipes are going to tick the paleo or gluten free boxes, they are not designed to appease any particular dietary needs.
The beauty of embracing wholefoods is to choose good quality, seasonal produce (whatever fruit/veg/legumes/fish/poultry and meat) are available fresh and local rather than pre-packaged, pre-prepared foods. The less that happens to your food between coming from the ground, the plant or the creature and to your plate makes it more "Whole".
If this means you can't eat avocadoes and bananas every one of the 365 days of the year because they're just not growing 365 days of the year close to you, you'll adapt and find new foods to embrace and prepare! Take the challenge.
Here's one of my favourites. Looks fabulous. Tastes incredible.

BEETROOT CHICKPEA CAKES WITH TZATZIKI

MAKES 12 CAKES

SERVES 4

2 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil,

plus more for brushing cakes and tray

520 g (1 lb 3 oz/3. cups) cooked chickpeas (see page 68),

or 2 425-g (15-oz) cans chickpeas, drained and rinsed well

2 red onions, finely diced

8 garlic cloves, finely chopped

2 teaspoon sea salt, plus more to taste

2 red beetroot (340 g/12 oz), grated on largest hole of a box grater

2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar

30 g (1 oz/. cup) chopped dill

Freshly ground black pepper

Tzatziki to serve (recipe follows)

Preheat oven to 190oC/375oF/Gas Mark 5. Line a baking tray with

baking parchment, lightly brush with olive oil and set aside.

Place chickpeas in a bowl and crush with a potato masher; set

aside. (Don’t mash the chickpeas completely. The mixture should be

somewhat chunky.)

Warm olive oil in a wide frying pan over medium heat. Add onions

and saute for 5 minutes or until browning. Add garlic and salt and

cook for another 3 minutes. Stir in grated beetroot and continue

cooking for another 6 to 8 minutes or until beetroot are cooked. Add

balsamic vinegar and remove from heat. Add to mashed chickpeas along

with chopped dill and mix well to combine. Season to taste with salt

and pepper.

Divide mixture into 12 and shape into 12 cakes. Place on prepared

tray and brush top and sides of each cake with olive oil. Bake for

15 minutes, rotate tray and continue baking for another 15 minutes or

until brown on the bottom. Remove from oven; allow to cool for

5 minutes before serving.

To serve, slide a thin spatula under each cake and flip onto plate so

bottom side is up. Top with tzatziki or serve it on the side.

TZATZIKI

Tzatziki is a fantastic Greek yogurt dip or side dish

made with cucumbers, dill, garlic and olive oil. The first

time I ate it was on a trip to Greece with my best

friend, Guinevere, many years ago. The tzatziki we

had was served with cooked beetroot and beetroot greens,

and the simple and extremely tasty combination has

stuck with me ever since. Don’t save it just for these cakes;

tzatziki is delicious served with roasted vegetables,

simple grains and crunchy summer salads.

MAKES 480 ML (16 FL OZ/2 CUPS)

1 large (225-g/8-oz) Middle Eastern cucumber (or

a regular cucumber, peeled and deseeded)

360 ml (12 fl oz/1. cups) whole-milk Greek

yogurt or Labneh (page 215)

10 g (. oz/. cup) chopped dill

2 garlic cloves, crushed

. teaspoon sea salt, plus more to taste

2 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil,

plus more for drizzling

Freshly ground black pepper

Grate cucumber on the largest hole of a box

grater, place in a sieve and squeeze out juice with

your hands. Drink or discard juice and add

cucumber to a medium bowl along with yogurt,

dill, garlic, salt, olive oil and a pinch of black

pepper. Stir to combine, season to taste and serve

drizzled with olive oil. Store any leftovers in an

airtight container in the fridge for up to three days.

Recipe and image from At Home in the Whole Food Kitchen (Jacqui Small Books) $39.99 available now in all good bookstores and online.

Supplements. Women, Food & Desire

How are these relevant and interlinked? 

Think about what you eat and drink daily and how much of that is dictated by what you think you should be eating, should be drinking...the pills or herbs or blended green mulch you should guzzle according to magazines, your Chinese Medicine practitioner, your naturopath!

There's a whole website I could devote to desire and women's food and choices around their bodies, but thankfully, someone much more expert has dedicated a book to it and it is new to my bookshelf. It's called Women, Food and Desire by Alexandra Jamieson.

Admittedly, I'm yet to really delve in and read it thoroughly, but I fully intend to! The book encourages us to "Embrace your cravings, make peace with food, reclaim your body' - a message that I need and that many women do. It certainly doesn't mean go and eat a block of family sized chocolate and feel empowered. It means look at why you so want to eat chocolate, whether you can stop at 2 squares of it, and why you might feel bad about wanting it, let alone eating it. Awareness of your body makes you stronger, more attuned to it. More peaceful in your own skin. You can follow author Alexandra Jamieson on Twitter.

The book is available through Hachette Australia.

Anita Bean is a well-known and much respected nutritionist from the UK. Her latest book out is Sports Supplements 2nd edition: Which Supplements Really Work. I have a sometimes-I-do...sometimes-I-don't approach to vitamin and mineral tablets, but I know what works for me and I know where my diet falls short of giving me what I need, or how my body responds to particular stimulants, and I choose when and how much is necessary when it comes to taking tablets or capsules. Her website is a thorough introduction to her work.

The book is available at Bloomsbury Australia.

Have you considered that your barista is actually your supplement dealer? Well, that bearded beacon of hope every morning is in fact also your ticket to a more powerful Power Yoga! Anita's book not only looks at your run of the mill multivitamins and protein bars, but also coffee, herbal supplements, antioxidants, common "fat burners" and performance enhancers such as creatine and

DHEA. What the effects are, what the side effects are, and what the studies show in terms of effectiveness. My drug of choice is caffeine and Anita informs: "Caffeine is a stimulant...It works by increasing levels of endorphins (hormone-like substances) in the brain. These endorphins affect mood state, reduce the perception of fatigue and pain, and create a sense of well-being. Thus caffeine helps increase alertness, concentration and performance; and reduces fatigue. It can also help increase muscle fibre recruitment..."

Studies have proven that taken 30 minutes to 3 hours prior to performance, caffeine can improve sprint times, increase endurance ability and reduce feelings of tiredness and fatigue.

Paleo Basics: interview with Scott Gooding

I do not advocate fad diets. I'm not vegan or gluten/dairy intolerant. BUT I know that many people have sensititivies, allergies and reactions to particular foods and that is where the appeal of the paleo diet lies. I've just got my hands on Clean Living Paleo Basics by Luke Hines and Scott Gooding, published by Hachette Australia ($17.99).

There is a growing and valuable recognition that whole foods (unprocessed, as close to natural state as possible) are the best choice for optimum energy and health. For example, eating an organic apple from your local market beats an apple & nut muffin from the supermarket.

I love Luke and Scott's recipes - including smoothies, snacks, salads, dinners and sweet treats. It's a great reference for healthy, basic meals that are great for one or for the whole family. Luke and Scott are both qualified personal trainers in the fitness business too so they know food has to fuel an active, fit lifestyle.

I was really lucky to have Scott and Luke talk to me about their book and their paleo lifestyle. If you loved them on My Kitchen Rules, or even if you didn't catch it (like me!), here they are. Please note, these are OPINIONS on diet and health, not facts. What works for your body is different to your neighbour and your friend. 

I love Luke Hines' approach to lifestyle. "My mantra that I live by is Train Smart, Eat Clean and Feel Good. We must have synergy between how we move our body, what we consume and the way we think about life. It is about achieving balance, through mindfulness," he says.

While Luke gave me some fabulous information and opinion, it was Scott Gooding's responses on food, healthy mindset and wellbeing that really appealed to me. As a trainer, a chef, an author and a businessman, he's truly an inspiration.

Has your diet always been health-based or was there an event or issue that lead you to this focus?
I have always tried to eat healthy to the best of my knowledge at the time, looking back I can now see flaws from a health perspective in many foods I used to eat but I guess that is all part of the journey.  There have been a few events that have shaped what types of food I consume, one is particular was an injury I sustained in my back - my focus then became sourcing a diet that wasn't pro-inflammatory - hence the Paleo diet.

Dairy is a great source of calcium. How do you ensure adequate calcium in the Paleo diet?
Dairy may have calcium but it also contains many proteins and hormones which are designed for a growing calf, these compounds cause gut irritation and inflammation.  Cruciferous veggies such as broccoli provide an abundant source of calcium as does fish, shellfish, offal and meat.

A highly active and fit body usually requires adequate carbohydrate. Does it take time for the body to adjust to new sources of energy? What are the side effects?
If you are training at high intensity I believe you should be consuming some extra carbs, but generally minimal carbs is the way forward.  There is a transition between fuels sources which can leave you feeling unable to perform maximally and can leave you feeling fatigued but the body is quick to adapt.  Push through the transition period and then the body will acclimatise.

Beyond diet, what other approaches to exercise lifestyle and wellbeing do you recommend and live by?
I believe we should move our body everyday, whether its a gym session, walk, salsa, pilates or swim.  The session should be hard enough to work up a sweat and evoke a feeling of satisfaction or accomplishment on completion.  I think its paramount that we "switch off" from the modern world of social media, email and texts - this is vital for positive (real) communication.  Its certainly an area that I personally need to work on but I'm making in-roads

I have survived a deadly eating disorder and I am concerned by restrictive or extreme approaches to diet as I feel vulnerable people can vastly restrict their food intake under the guise of a healthy regime. Do you accept that there is a need to educate on paleo but not to demonise whole food groups?
Absolutely, knowledge is power ...and once you have knowledge you'll have the power to make informed choices around your health and lifestyle.  Its important to not demonize certain food groups but knowing why we eat some and not others is the key.

What's a great paleo lunch for someone without A lot of time to prepare but wants energy throughout the afternoon and before a 5.30pm workout?
Healthy food or paleo food often gets branded with the notion it takes time to prepare but it can be as simple as a fritatta, poached eggs with sweet potato fritter, lamb chops with broccolini, leftovers from the night before.

Here's a recipe from the book - Zucchini Linguine with Poached Rainbow Trout - fabulous choice for lunch or dinner!

Follow Scott and Luke on Facebook, Twitter and their website

Clean Living Paleo Basics by Luke Hines and Scott Gooding, published by Hachette Australia ($17.99)